The X of his surname, adopted to signify the obscure ancestry of the African American slave, now stands either as a cipher for the imprecise, befuddled meanings projected on to him – or, according to Manning Marable, as the emptying of meaning itself.įor Marable, who died just days before this biography was published, the myths and misinterpretations begin with the publication of Malcolm's The Autobiography. In the aftermath of his assassination in Harlem's Audubon Ballroom on a cold February morning in 1965, the civil rights and Black Power icon has become an uncertain figure, lauded by most but little understood. Fewer still have found their likeness on the postage stamps of both the US and the Islamic Republic of Iran. F ew figures have received plaudits from both the former New York City mayor Rudolph Giuliani and the al-Qaida operative Ayman al-Zawahiri.
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